Meningitis

 

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Important Information for Patients in England

We are aware of an increase in reported cases of meningitis in England. While the overall risk remains low, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and ensure vaccinations are up to date.

What is Meningitis?

Meningitis is an infection of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria or viruses.

Bacterial meningitis is rare but can be life-threatening and requires urgent medical treatment.

Symptoms of Meningitis

Symptoms can develop suddenly and may get worse quickly.

In babies and young children:

  • High temperature (fever)
  • Cold hands and feet, limb pain
  • Pale, mottled, or blue skin
  • Unusual crying, irritability, or moaning
  • Refusing feeds
  • Vomiting
  • Bulging soft spot (fontanelle)
  • Floppiness, drowsiness, or unresponsiveness
  • Seizures (fits)

In older children and adults:

  • Sudden high fever
  • Severe headache
  • Stiff neck
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Confusion
  • Drowsiness or difficulty waking
  • Seizures (fits)

Important: A rash that does not fade when pressed (the “glass test”) can occur, but not everyone with meningitis will have a rash. Do not wait for a rash to appear.

What to Do

Call 999 or go to A&E immediately if you or someone else has:

  • A stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and confusion
  • Seizures (fits)
  • Difficulty waking or unresponsiveness
  • A rash that does not fade when pressed
  • Symptoms that are severe or getting worse quickly

Contact your GP practice or NHS 111 urgently if:

  • You are worried about possible meningitis symptoms
  • Symptoms are worsening or not improving

Always trust your instincts—seek urgent medical help if you are concerned.

Meningitis Vaccination Schedule (England)

Vaccination is the best protection against several types of meningitis. The NHS routine immunisation schedule includes:

  • 8 weeks: MenB (1st dose)
  • 12 weeks: MenB (2nd dose)
  • 1 year: MenB booster
  • Teenagers (school years 9–10): MenACWY vaccine

Additional groups:

  • The MenACWY vaccine is also offered to young people up to 25 years of age, particularly those starting university for the first time, if they have not already been vaccinated
  • Some individuals with specific medical conditions may be offered additional vaccines

If you or your child have missed any vaccinations, or you are unsure whether you are eligible for any meningitis vaccinations, please contact your GP practice to review your eligibility.

UKHSA have provided guidance on who is eligible for a Meningitis B vaccination during the current outbreak. Currently we are offering vaccination to those students and staff who have been in Kent and have been given prophylactic antibiotics by the UKHSA.

How Meningitis Spreads

Meningitis can spread through:

  • Coughing and sneezing
  • Close contact (e.g. kissing)
  • Sharing drinks, utensils, or toothbrushes

Sharing items that come into contact with the mouth — including vapes or e-cigarettes — may increase the risk of spreading infections. Avoid sharing these items, particularly during this period.

Practising good hygiene, including regular handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes, can help reduce the risk.

Further Information

For more information, please visit the NHS website or contact your GP practice.

Reassurance

Most people make a full recovery, particularly when treated early. Knowing the symptoms and acting quickly is key.

Published: Mar 22, 2026